What is the term for the inflammation of the lung parenchyma?

The inflammation of the lung parenchyma is referred to as pneumonia. This condition is typically caused by an infection, whether bacterial, viral, or fungal, leading to the swelling and irritation of lung tissue. The inflammatory response results in the consolidation of lung tissue, which can impair gas exchange and result in symptoms such as cough, fever, and difficulty breathing.

The other terms presented are related to different respiratory conditions. A pneumothorax refers to the presence of air in the pleural space, leading to lung collapse. Emphysema is a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by the destruction of the alveoli, leading to difficulty in breathing. Bronchitis involves inflammation of the bronchial tubes, but it specifically targets the airways rather than the lung parenchyma. Thus, pneumonia is the accurate term that denotes the inflammation of lung parenchyma.