What is the primary function of the cuff in an endotracheal tube?

The primary function of the cuff in an endotracheal tube is to ensure an airtight seal in the airway. When the cuff is inflated, it creates a barrier that prevents air from escaping around the tube and helps maintain a clear and unobstructed pathway for ventilation. This is essential for effective mechanical ventilation and prevents aspiration, as it seals the trachea and minimizes the risk of secretions or other materials entering the lungs during the use of the tube.

An adequate seal is crucial, particularly in patients who may not be able to protect their airways due to reduced consciousness or neurological impairment. It allows for controlled delivery of positive pressure ventilation while ensuring that exhaled gases are efficiently expelled, facilitating proper gas exchange in the lungs.