What is the primary complication associated with long-term oxygen therapy?

The primary complication associated with long-term oxygen therapy is oxygen toxicity. This condition can occur when high concentrations of oxygen are administered for extended periods, leading to damage in the lungs and other tissues. Oxygen toxicity can manifest as pulmonary symptoms, such as cough, decreased lung function, and even acute respiratory distress syndrome, characterized by inflammation and difficulty breathing.

While other complications, such as carbon dioxide retention and pneumothorax, may occur under specific circumstances, they are not the primary risks linked specifically to prolonged oxygen therapy. Carbon dioxide retention typically happens in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) when oxygen is delivered inappropriately high concentrations, but it is more situational rather than a direct consequence of oxygen therapy itself. Hypoventilation could lead to elevated carbon dioxide levels but is not a direct complication of oxygen therapy. Thus, recognizing the risks associated with prolonged oxygen use is crucial, particularly the potential for developing oxygen toxicity as the most significant concern.