What is the hallmark feature of restrictive lung disease?

The hallmark feature of restrictive lung disease is decreased lung volumes. This condition is characterized by a reduced ability of the lungs to expand fully, resulting in a lower total lung capacity and other lung volumes. Restrictive lung diseases can be due to factors affecting the lung parenchyma itself, such as interstitial lung disease, or conditions affecting the chest wall or pleura, such as obesity, scoliosis, or pleural effusions.

In restrictive lung disease, both the vital capacity and forced vital capacity are diminished, reflecting the lungs' inability to expand adequately during inhalation. Therefore, spirometry tests typically show a decrease in total lung capacity, making it essential to recognize this feature in the diagnosis and management of respiratory conditions.

Understanding this fundamental aspect of restrictive lung diseases is crucial for proper assessment and treatment of affected patients.