What is a primary indicator of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

The primary indicator of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is decreased lung compliance. In ARDS, the alveoli and lung tissues become inflamed due to various causes such as injury, infection, or pneumonia, leading to a loss of surfactant, which normally helps keep the alveoli open. This results in stiff lungs, making it more difficult for the lungs to expand during inhalation, thereby reducing lung compliance.

Decreased compliance indicates that greater effort is required to achieve normal tidal volumes, which is a hallmark of the condition. While high respiratory rate can occur, it is not a direct indicator of ARDS by itself, as it may result from numerous respiratory conditions. Elevated body temperature can also occur due to an underlying infection but does not specifically indicate ARDS. Increased tidal volume is typically not seen in ARDS; instead, patients often have decreased tidal volumes due to the compromised lung mechanics. Understanding these elements is crucial for recognizing and managing ARDS effectively in clinical settings.