How would you define "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" (COPD)?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is best defined as a progressive lung disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. This condition is primarily associated with long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter, most commonly from cigarette smoke.

In COPD, the airflow limitation is typically not fully reversible, which distinguishes it from asthma, a condition often described as reversible airway disease. COPD leads to difficulty in breathing, chronic cough, and sputum production due to the ongoing inflammation and structural changes in the lungs, particularly to the airways and alveoli.

The progressive nature of COPD means that symptoms tend to worsen over time, making management crucial to improve quality of life and reduce the risk of exacerbations or related complications. Understanding COPD's characteristics is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment, recognizing that it is not merely a chronic lung infection or an acute respiratory condition; rather, it is a long-term health issue requiring ongoing management and care.